Macam-macam virus dan bakteri

A.        THE ROLE OF VIRUS IN DAILY LIFE

          1. Virus benefit

                       

                        To improve human prosperity

            a. The Use of Virus for Medical Intention

           

·         Bacteriophage , to recognize and to identify pathogenic bacteria.

b. The Use of Virus to Measure Radiation Dosage

        Certain phage suscepbility towards radiation has been known precisely on the use of measuring radiation dosage.

c. The Use of Virus to Destory Plant Disease

·         Baculovirus sp. , Can be used as biopesticides to destroy cultured plant disease.

2.  Disadventages Caused by Virus

a. Virus as Disease Originator in Human

·         Herpesvirus varicelae, causing smallpox

·         Poliovirus, causing poliomyelitis disease

·         Influenza virus, causing influenza

·         Morbili virus, causing measles

·         Rabies virus, causing rabies

·         Influenza H5N1, causing avian influenza

·         Paramyxovirus, causing goiter

·         HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency virus ), causing AIDS

·         Dengue virus, causing fever dengue

b. Virus as Disease Originator In Animals

·         Rabies virus, causing rabies on dog, cat and monkey

·         NCD ( New Castle disease ) virus, causing NCD on chicken

·         FMD ( foot and mouth disease ), causing FMD disease on cattle

·         Cowpox virus, causing cowpox

c. Virus as Disease Originator in Plant

·         Mosaic virus, attacking  tobacco, potato and tomato

·         Citrus vein phloem degenerative ( CVPD ), attacking orange plant

·         Tungro virus, attacking rice plant

  

B.      THE ROLE OF BACTERIA IN HUMAN LIFE

            1. Advantageous Bacteria

a. Agricultural Field

·         Rhizobium in the root of beans ( legume ), can fix free nitrogen in the air

·         Azotobacter and Clostridium can fertilize soil because they also bind free nitrogen in the air

·         Nitrisomonas and Nitrococcus can produce nitrite compound that fertilizes soil

b. Food Indrustial Fiels

·         Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus to make yoghurt

·         Acetobacter xylinum, to make nata de coco

·         Sterptococcus lactis, to make cheese

c. Pharmaceutical Field

·         Stertomyces griceus,  produces antibiotic streptomycin to fight against TBC

·         Streptomyces aureofaciens, produces antibiotic aureomycin, chloromycetin

·         Bacillus brevis, produces antibiotic tyromycin

·         Pseudomons denitrificans and Propioni bacterium produces vitamin B₁₂

·         Clostridium acetobutylicum produces acetone and butanol

·         Acetobacter aceti to make acetic acid

d. The making of Biogas and Decomposer

·         Escherichia coli, help food decomposition in human large intestine and the former of vitamin K ( for blood clotting )

·         Methanobacterium omelianski and Methanobacterium ruminatum, decompose acetic acid ( CH₃COOH ) into methane ( CH₄) and CO₂

·         Clostridium sporangeus decomposes amino acids into ammonia

·         Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, decompose corpse of organism and decomposes sulphate in muddy places and produce H₂S

·         Thiobacillus denitrificans, decompose nitrite and produce N₂ or called denitrification

            2. Disadventageous Bacteria

a. Bacteria as Disease Originator in Human

·         Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cause TBC disease

·         Mycobacterium leprae, causing leprosy disease

·         Salmonella typhosa, causes typhus

·         Shigella dysentriae, causese dysentery

·         Diplococcus pneumonia, causes pneumonia

·         Treponema pallidum causes syphilis to genital

·         Klebsiella pneumonia causes infection of respiratory duct, urethra, and istestine

·         Meningococcus causes meningitis

·         Neisseria gonorrhea causes gonorrhea

·         Vibrio cholera causes cholera

·         Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax

b. Bacteria as Disease Originator in Animals

·         Campylobacter fetus, causes abortion in cow and goat and inflammation to human intestine

·         Bacillus anthracis, causes anthrax to live stock

c. Bacteria as Disease Originator in Plant

·         Agrobacterium tumefaciens, causese tumoyr to plants

·         Pseudomonas cattleyae, attacks orchid

·         Pseudomons solanacearum, attacks banana tree

·         Bacterium papaya, attacks papaya tree

d. Bacteria as Poison Producer

·         Pseudomonas cocovenenans produces bongkrek acid that is toxic to bongkrek tempeh

·         Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum poiso to defect canned food

·         Leucobostoc mesentroides causes food to be slimy

The Shadow Train

retold by 
S. E. Schlosser

A miner was on his way to Dos Cabezas, where here heard there was good prospecting, when he found himself lost and alone in the flats just north of the Dragoon Mountains. In the blistering sun of midday, his burro dropped dead from heatstroke and the prospector knew that he would shortly follow if he did not find shelter and something to drink.

The landscape wobbled before his eyes, and he staggered forward, determined not to drop. But the heat of the desert flats seeped deep into his body and he found his wits wandering. The last sensible thought that crossed his mind before he collapsed was the sorrow his mother would feel when he did not return home from his wanderings.

He was awakened by a steady chug-chug sound. He raised his head from the hard and dusty ground and looked blurrily around him. It sounded like a train was approaching. But that was impossible. There were no tracks in this inhospitable location, and no town for miles. Clackity-clack. Clackity-clack. The sound came again, louder this time. Chug-chug-chug. Then the hiss of steam from an engine. He was hallucinating, he decided.

The miner laid his head on his arms and waited for death to come. As he broiled in the heat, he seemed to hear the words of the old-timer from whom he had learned of the good prospecting sites in the north. The grizzled man had spoken of a shadow train that had come bursting out of nowhere and ran just above the flats where no railroad tracks had ever lain. The shadow train had sped across the desert before his very eyes, a dark smudge against the dazzling light of noonday. It had vanished into the distance while the old man watched, wavering into mirage and then vanishing into the dazzle of the sun.

At the time, the young miner had thought the old man was a bit of a nut. It was an illusion caused by heat stroke, he assumed. But with the steady chug-chug-chug growing louder in his ears, he was not so sure. He raised his head again, and saw a black speck, dark as the deepest shadow, approaching rapidly. He heard the sharp whistle of a train, once, twice. The speck grew larger, and he could make out the shape of a black steam engine pulling two cars. A yellow headlight gleamed oddly in the white-hot glare of the sun.

The whistle sounded sharply again as the train hurtled toward him. The young miner wanted to leap out of its path, but his body was too far gone. He could not even lift himself. He closed his eyes and braced for the impact, but the train slowed suddenly and stopped just a few feet from his head. A jolly-faced conductor stepped out of the train and came over to him. The conductor bent down and lifted him from the ground. Someone else whom he couldn't see caught his feet, and he was carried inside a passenger car. He felt himself laid down in the aisle, and kind faces surrounded him. "Water," he gasped faintly, just before losing consciousness.

He was wakened by the feeling of cold water smoothed onto his face. He opened his eyes and saw a tall man wearing a sheriff's badge carefully trickling water from a pitcher over him. The man put down the pitcher and held a cup to his lips, careful not to give him too much water at once. The miner had to swish the water around his swollen tongue several times before he could swallow. When he was finally able to speak, he asked the sheriff what had happened.

"Fellow found you nearly dead about five miles out of town," the sheriff answered laconically.

"What town?" asked the young prospector cautiously, visions of shadow trains and jolly conductors in his head.

The sheriff looked at him strangely. "That sun sure must have messed with your head, son, if you can't even remember where you was headed," said the sheriff. "You're in Wilcox, Arizona."

"It's a stop on the train, then?" he asked hesitantly.

"Train? There ain't no train around for miles," said the sheriff. "You'd better have some more water and rest a bit. That sun's nearly sent you loco!"

The young miner laid back down thankfully and closed his eyes. He wasn't sure why the shadow train had come to his rescue, but he was sure glad it had stopped for him.

Years later, the Southern Pacific Railroad put a track right through Wilcox,Arizona and real trains started rolling through Arizona. But some say the shadow train still races through the flats at midday, where no track was ever laid.

Sebuah pilihan

Assalamualaikum

          Teman, terkadang hidup ini penuh oleh pilihan. Kita harus memilih mana piliahn yang baik dan mana pilihan yang buruk. Kita tidak bisa terlepas dari sebuah pilihan. Dari setiap pilihan hidup yang kita pilih, pasti ada sebuah resiko yang akan ditanggung, baik resiko yang kecil, maupun besar.
          Kata orang hidup ini bagaikan roda pedati yang terus berputar. Terkadang di atas, kadang pula di bawah. Namun nasib kita di tentukan oleh pilihan hidup kita sendiri, selain takdir yang telah ditentukan oleh Allah SWT.
Pilihan hidup pun menentukan kita menjadi seorang manusia yang mempunyai sifat baik atau sifat yang buruk.
          Jadi, hidup teman-teman semua ditentukan oleh pilihan yang dipilih oleh teman-teman sendiri. Pilihlah suatu hal yang bersifat positif dan jangan pernah lakukan hal yang bersifat negatif. Apabila teman-teman sekarang mempunyai dilema hidup, berterus teranglah pada Yang Maha Kuasa.
          Selain itu, berusahalah untuk menjadi manusia yang dapat berguna di mata orang lain. Kita memamng tidak dapat menjadi manusia yang betul-betul sempurna, namun kita dapat berusaha untuk menjadi seseorang yang sempurna dengan cara terus berusaha menjadi manusia yang baik dan berguna di mata orang lain.

         Be Your Self !

Kita Selamanya

ok... detak detik tirai mulai menutup panggung
tanda skenario... eyo... baru mulai diusung
lembaran kertas barupun terbuka
tinggalkan yang lama, biarkan sang pena berlaga
kita pernah sebut itu kenangan tempo dulu
pernah juga hilang atau takkan pernah berlalu
masa jaya putih biru atau abu-abu (hey)
memori crita cinta aku, dia dan kamu


saat dia (dia) dia masuki alam pikiran
ilmu bumi dan sekitarnya jadi kudapan
cinta masa sekolah yang pernah terjadi
that was the moment a part of sweet memory
kita membumi, melangkah berdua
kita ciptakan hangat sebuah cerita
mulai dewasa, cemburu dan bungah
finally now, its our time to make a history


bergegaslah, kawan... tuk sambut masa depan
tetap berpegang tangan, saling berpelukan
berikan senyuman tuk sebuah perpisahan!
kenanglah sahabat... kita untuk slamanya!

satu alasan kenapa kau kurekam dalam memori
satu cerita teringat didalam hati
karena kau berharga dalam hidupku, teman
untuk satu pijakan menuju masa depan


saat duka bersama, tawa bersama
berpacu dalam prestasi... (huh) hal yang biasa
satu persatu memori terekam
didalam api semangat yang tak mudah padam
kuyakin kau pasti sama dengan diriku
pernah berharap agar waktu ini tak berlalu
kawan... kau tahu, kawan... kau tahu kan?
beri pupuk terbaik untuk bunga yang kau simpan

Thifan

Assalamualaikum


           Hari ini begitu berkesan bagi ku. Setalah melewati latihan yang cukup berat akhirnya ku mampu menguasai jurus-jurus Thifan sebanyak 6 macam. Memang tidak terlalu sempurna bagi pemula seperti ku, namun lumayan lah, yang penting aku mengetahui dasar-dasarnya. 


           Teman, taukah kau Thifan ? Mungkin banyak di antara kalian yang belum mengetahui apa itu Thifan. Saya kasihtau ya. :)
Thifan itu adalah sebuah ilmu beladiri islam. Anggotanya adalah orang-orang yang beragama islam. Ilmu beladiri ini memamng belum terkenal seperti taekwondo ataupun karate. Namun ilmu ini tidak kalah dengan ilmu beladiri yang lain. 
          Di dalam Thifan, ada 36 jurus yang harus dikuasai. Butuh waktu yang lama tentunya. Namun ilmu beladiri ini sangat bermanfaat di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuannya untuk melindungi diri kita sendiri dari kejahatan-kejahatan yang marak terjadi belakangan ini. 


         Aku pun merasakan manfaat mengikuti kegiatan beladiri ini. Dan rencananya aku ingin terus melanjutkan hingga ke kelas 3 nanti. 

The Traditional Story

LUTUNG KASARUNG

            PRABU Tapa Agung was an old king. He had two daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. Prabu Tapa Agung planned to retire as a king. He wanted Purbasari to replace him as the leader of the kingdom. Hearing this, Purbararang was angry.

            "You cannot ask her to be the queen, Father. I'm older than she is. It's supposed to be me, not her!" said Purbararang. But the king still chose Purbasari to be the next queen.
Purbararang then set a bad plan with her fiance, Indrajaya. Together they went to a witch and asked her to put a spell on Purbasari. Later, Purbasari had bad skin. There were black dots all over her body.

            "You are not as beautiful as I am. You cannot be the queen. Instead, you have to leave this palace and stay in a jungle," said Purbararang.
Purbasari was very sad. Now she had to stay in the jungle. Everyday she spent her time playing with some animals there. There was one monkey that always tried to cheer her up. It was not just an ordinary monkey, he had magical power. And he also could talk with humans. The monkey's name was Lutung Kasarung. He was actually a god. His name was Sanghyang Gurumina. Lutung Kasarung planned to help Purbasari. He made a small lake and asked her to take a bath there. Amazingly, her bad skin was cured. Now she got her beautiful skin back.

            After that, she asked Lutung Kasarung to accompany her to go back to the palace. Purbararang was very shocked. She knew she had to come up with another bad idea. She then said, "Those who have longer hair will be the queen."
The king then measured his daughters' hair. Purbasari had longer hair. But Purbararang did not give up. "A queen must have a handsome husband. If my fiance is more handsome than yours, then I will be the queen," said Purbararang.

           
            Purbasari was sad. She knew Purbararang's fiance, Indrajaya, was handsome. And she did not have a fiance yet. "Here is my fiancé, Indrajaya. Where is yours?" asked Purbararang. Lutung Kasarung came forward. Purbararang was laughing very hard. "Your fiance is a monkey, ha ha ha."
Suddenly, Lutung Kasarung changed into a very a handsome man. He was even more handsome than Indrajaya. Purbasari then became the queen. She forgave Purbararang and her fiance and let them stay in the palace.