Macam-macam virus dan bakteri

A.        THE ROLE OF VIRUS IN DAILY LIFE

          1. Virus benefit

                       

                        To improve human prosperity

            a. The Use of Virus for Medical Intention

           

·         Bacteriophage , to recognize and to identify pathogenic bacteria.

b. The Use of Virus to Measure Radiation Dosage

        Certain phage suscepbility towards radiation has been known precisely on the use of measuring radiation dosage.

c. The Use of Virus to Destory Plant Disease

·         Baculovirus sp. , Can be used as biopesticides to destroy cultured plant disease.

2.  Disadventages Caused by Virus

a. Virus as Disease Originator in Human

·         Herpesvirus varicelae, causing smallpox

·         Poliovirus, causing poliomyelitis disease

·         Influenza virus, causing influenza

·         Morbili virus, causing measles

·         Rabies virus, causing rabies

·         Influenza H5N1, causing avian influenza

·         Paramyxovirus, causing goiter

·         HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency virus ), causing AIDS

·         Dengue virus, causing fever dengue

b. Virus as Disease Originator In Animals

·         Rabies virus, causing rabies on dog, cat and monkey

·         NCD ( New Castle disease ) virus, causing NCD on chicken

·         FMD ( foot and mouth disease ), causing FMD disease on cattle

·         Cowpox virus, causing cowpox

c. Virus as Disease Originator in Plant

·         Mosaic virus, attacking  tobacco, potato and tomato

·         Citrus vein phloem degenerative ( CVPD ), attacking orange plant

·         Tungro virus, attacking rice plant

  

B.      THE ROLE OF BACTERIA IN HUMAN LIFE

            1. Advantageous Bacteria

a. Agricultural Field

·         Rhizobium in the root of beans ( legume ), can fix free nitrogen in the air

·         Azotobacter and Clostridium can fertilize soil because they also bind free nitrogen in the air

·         Nitrisomonas and Nitrococcus can produce nitrite compound that fertilizes soil

b. Food Indrustial Fiels

·         Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus to make yoghurt

·         Acetobacter xylinum, to make nata de coco

·         Sterptococcus lactis, to make cheese

c. Pharmaceutical Field

·         Stertomyces griceus,  produces antibiotic streptomycin to fight against TBC

·         Streptomyces aureofaciens, produces antibiotic aureomycin, chloromycetin

·         Bacillus brevis, produces antibiotic tyromycin

·         Pseudomons denitrificans and Propioni bacterium produces vitamin B₁₂

·         Clostridium acetobutylicum produces acetone and butanol

·         Acetobacter aceti to make acetic acid

d. The making of Biogas and Decomposer

·         Escherichia coli, help food decomposition in human large intestine and the former of vitamin K ( for blood clotting )

·         Methanobacterium omelianski and Methanobacterium ruminatum, decompose acetic acid ( CH₃COOH ) into methane ( CH₄) and CO₂

·         Clostridium sporangeus decomposes amino acids into ammonia

·         Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, decompose corpse of organism and decomposes sulphate in muddy places and produce H₂S

·         Thiobacillus denitrificans, decompose nitrite and produce N₂ or called denitrification

            2. Disadventageous Bacteria

a. Bacteria as Disease Originator in Human

·         Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cause TBC disease

·         Mycobacterium leprae, causing leprosy disease

·         Salmonella typhosa, causes typhus

·         Shigella dysentriae, causese dysentery

·         Diplococcus pneumonia, causes pneumonia

·         Treponema pallidum causes syphilis to genital

·         Klebsiella pneumonia causes infection of respiratory duct, urethra, and istestine

·         Meningococcus causes meningitis

·         Neisseria gonorrhea causes gonorrhea

·         Vibrio cholera causes cholera

·         Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax

b. Bacteria as Disease Originator in Animals

·         Campylobacter fetus, causes abortion in cow and goat and inflammation to human intestine

·         Bacillus anthracis, causes anthrax to live stock

c. Bacteria as Disease Originator in Plant

·         Agrobacterium tumefaciens, causese tumoyr to plants

·         Pseudomonas cattleyae, attacks orchid

·         Pseudomons solanacearum, attacks banana tree

·         Bacterium papaya, attacks papaya tree

d. Bacteria as Poison Producer

·         Pseudomonas cocovenenans produces bongkrek acid that is toxic to bongkrek tempeh

·         Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum poiso to defect canned food

·         Leucobostoc mesentroides causes food to be slimy